Al-Ḍād Journal

Shifting of Attention in the Interpretation of Ibn Abi al-Rabi’ al-Ishbili

Mohamad Hussin — 2025-07-31

The research aims to elucidate the technique of Iltifāt (shifting of attention) in the Holy Quran. It also seeks to uncover the scope and benefits of Iltifāt, highlighting its conditions, categories, and rhetorical purposes. The researcher adopted both the descriptive and inductive methodologies in this study. The research concluded with several key findings: Iltifāt has general benefits such as the artful transition from one style to another to engage the listener and protect them from monotony and boredom by avoiding a single, unchanging pattern. The conditions for Iltifāt include the requirement that the pronoun in the shifted context refers to the same subject as the original context, that the pronoun appears in two sentences, and that the addressee remains the same in both contexts. The categories of Iltifāt involve shifting from speaking in the first person to addressing in the second person, from the first person to the third person, and from the second person to the third person. Among the characteristics of Ibn Abi Rabi' Al-Ishbili's interpretation are the diversity of his sources, including books like Al-Kashshāf by Al-Zamakhshari and Al-Muwattā’ by Imam Malik. He focused on rhetorical aspects in his interpretation, linking semantics with syntax and various readings, and connecting the meanings of words with their syntax and different readings. Additionally, he avoided referencing Israeli traditions, relying mainly on Quranic texts and prophetic traditions. His interpretation extensively used rational analysis and frequently cited poetic evidence to support his interpretations.

Keywords: Iltifāt, al-Quran al-Karim, Rhetorical Styles, Tafsīr of al-Ishbīli.

Survey on the Difficulties of Learning Arabic and Ways to Overcome Them Among First-Year Students Who Are Not Majors in It at The Centre for Languages and Pre-University Academic Development (CELPAD) At the International Islamic University Malaysia

Ahmad Lutfi Zakaria — 2025-07-31

This research aims to identify the difficulties of learning Arabic and provide suggestions for ways to overcome them among first-year non-specialized students at the Centre for Languages and Pre-University Academic Development (CELPAD) at the International Islamic University Malaysia. This goal was achieved by adopting a comprehensive research methodology that included designing an integrated questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of students. The extracted data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results, by calculating the percentage, arithmetic mean, and Cronbach's alpha value to assess the level of reliability. The results then showed that the most prominent challenges facing students lie in the prevailing feeling and belief that Arabic is a difficult language to learn. On the other hand, it was found that students prefer to use translation tools as a primary means of understanding Arabic texts, which indicates the need for educational strategies that support this approach and help alleviate the difficulties they face.

Keywords: Difficulties, Ways to Overcome, Learning, Non-specialists, Arabic Language.

The Aspects of Islamic Literary Criticism in the Thought of Umar bn Al- Khattab

Uthman Idrees Kankawi — 2025-07-31

The Islamic literary criticism is a critical approach based on Islamic principles in analyzing and evaluating literary texts in terms of both form and content, according to the Holy Qur’an guidelines and the Sunnah of the Prophet. ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb is regarded as a central figure in Islamic literary criticism due to his rhetoric acumen, refined literary taste, and ability to distinguish between eloquent and poor speech. He guides poets and orators to uphold meaning and values. His views and stances helped establish standards of honesty, clarity, and simplicity, making him one of the foundational and early authentic examples of literary criticism in Islam. This research addresses the concept of literary criticism, its definition and characteristics in the Islamic context, the influence of Islam on literary criticism, the personality and literary taste of Caliph ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb and the manifestations of his critical thinking from social، artistic and comparative perspectives. The study presents vivid examples of his positions that illustrate features of Islamic literary criticism, his encouragement of purposeful expression. The research is structured into five main sections and adopts the descriptive-analytical method and Inductive approach in addressing the topic.

Keywords: Aspects, Islamic Literary, Criticism, Thought of Umar bin Al- Khattab.

Cinematic Features in the Camel Trip of Abu Tammam

Nuwayyir Fahad Al-Anqari — 2025-07-31

The current research aimed to approach a field of research that, to my mind, has not been widely explored in classical poetry, despite its significant subject matter. It aimed to discuss the classical poetry in general and the poetry of Abu Tammam in particular, from a critical perspective according to modern approaches, thus revealing the aesthetics of brilliance and astonishment that distinguished the classical poet. It also aimed to explore the cinematic techniques Abu Tammam used to transform the traditional camel's journey in Arabic poetry into a visual medium. It includes an introduction with two topics: the presence of the camel's journey in classical poetry, as well as an overview of the relationship between poetry and cinema. The first is entitled: "The Camera Shot" and the second "Cinematic Montage". A conclusion summarizes the most prominent findings of the research, which are: Classical poetry is a rich resource of cinematic manifestations, and Abu Tammam is one of the most prominent poets whose poetry incorporates these manifestations without the poet's intention. In the camel's journey, Abu Tammam focused on describing the details of all its body parts, particularly color and size. Abu Tammam depended on a sequence of shots and scenes, intercutting between them in a narrative style resembling the montage in a film to enhance the visual image. Thus, the poet was able to employ cinematic techniques in a striking manner that merits research and study.

Keywords: The Camel's Journey, Abu Tammam, Camera Shot, Montage.