Masoud, Riham. S., Asmuliadi bin Lubis, and Kamaruzzaman Nordin. 2020. “ضوابط اللإختيار والتعيين في العصرين اللأموي والعباسي: Control and Selection Controls in the Umayyad and Abbasid Periods”. Al-Muqaddimah: Online Journal of Islamic History and Civilization 7 (2):66-74. https://vmis.um.edu.my/index.php/MUQADDIMAH/article/view/24314.