INVESTIGATE THE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT IRRADIATED STARCH BIOPLASTIC FOR PACKAGING APPLICATION
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Plastics become the most favourite use among society due to its own characteristics in aspect of barrier properties and strength, we are able to get them anywhere, plus they are cheap, resistible with water and very flexible. Bioplastic produced for the rescue of our environment health. This study aims to determine wettability, contact angle and polymer chemical properties by comparing between pure starch and mixed starches bioplastic with different presence of plasticizer. Materials that will be used in constant amount were distilled water and glycerol. Others will be manipulating variable by the type of presence of starch like corn, potato and rice or maybe mixture of two starches Samples will undergo characterization test such as tensile and elongation test, water contact angle, FTIR analysis, topography using AFM, moisture content test and biodegradability test. When it comes to industrial use, gamma radiation and electron beams are generally involved. The reason for gamma radiation is because gamma rays are extreme in penetration and Cobalt-60 mainly used and often for sterilization purpose. Most of bioplastics with presence of citric acid as addition of plasticizer came out with high contact angle and could achieve hydrophobicity level. Potato and corn-rice bioplastic tend to have low moisture content. Meanwhile, corn bioplastic undergone faster degradation, with 80.17%. Potato-rice with presence of citric acid lead tensile test with 4.095MPa. However, for elongation case, potato with presence of sorbitol lead with 34.57%. From FTIR analysis, functional group of normal polymeric OH stretch and C-H stretch of methylene group were found at wavenumber of 3280-3300 /cm and of 2920- 2935/cm respectively. Through FTIR analysis, corn-rice with presence of citric acid bioplastic were chosen to undergo AFM to survey roughness in case to determine crosslinking might happen, the different average roughness between pre-irradiated and post-irradiatd samples is 8.82 nm.
Downloads
Article Details
Licensee MJS, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
References
Aranda-García, F. J., González-Núñez, R., Jasso-Gastinel, C. F., & Mendizábal, E. (2015). Water absorption and thermomechanical characterization of extruded starch/poly (lactic acid)/agave bagasse fiber bioplastic composites. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2015.
Azeredo, H. M., Morrugares-Carmona, R., Wellner, N., Cross, K., Bajka, B., & Waldron, K. W. (2016). Development of pectin films with pomegranate juice and citric acid. Food Chemistry, 198: 101-106.
Byun, Y., Zhang, Y., & Geng, X. (2014). Plasticization and Polymer Morphology. In Innovations in Food Packaging (pp. 87-108). Academic Press.
Clunies-Ross, P. (2019). Plastics in the Environment: Te Ao Hurihuri–The Changing World Evidence Summary.
Coates, J. (2006). Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach. Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry: applications, theory and instrumentation.
Gorna, K., & Gogolewski, S. (2003). The effect of gamma radiation on molecular stability and mechanical properties of biodegradable polyurethanes for medical applications. Polymer degradation and stability, 79(3): 465-474.
Hindi, S. S. Z., Albureikan, M. O., Al-Ghamdi, A. A., Alhummiany, H., & Ansari, M. S. (2017). Synthesis, characterization and biodegradation of gum arabic-based bioplastic membranes. Nanosci Nanotechnol, 4(2): 32-42.
Ibrahim Muhammad Shamsuddin, Jafar Ahmad Jafar, Abubakar Sadiq Abdulrahman Shawai, Saleh Yusuf, Mahmud Lateefah & Ibrahim Aminu. (2017). Bioplastics as Better Alternative to Petroplastics and Their Role in National Sustainability: A Review. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering. 5(4): 63-70
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2019). Use of Radiation Technologies in the Development of Active Packaging Materials. Report of the Technical Meeting, Budapest, Hungary. 1-32.
Jiang, L., & Zhang, J. (2017). Biodegradable and biobased polymers. In Applied plastics engineering handbook (pp. 127-143). William Andrew Publishing
Marichelvam, M. K., Jawaid, M., & Asim, M. (2019). Corn and rice starch-based bio-plastics as alternative packaging materials. Fibers, 7(4): 32.
Maulida, S. M., & Tarigan, P. (2016). Production of starch based bioplastic from cassava peel reinforced with microcrystalline celllulose avicel PH101 using sorbitol as plasticizer. In J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 710: 12012.
Mostafa, N. A., Farag, A. A., Abo-dief, H. M., & Tayeb, A. M. (2018). Production of biodegradable plastic from agricultural wastes. Arabian journal of chemistry, 11(4): 546-553.
Oleyaei, S. A., Zahedi, Y., Ghanbarzadeh, B., & Moayedi, A. A. (2016). Modification of physicochemical and thermal properties of starch films by incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 89: 256-264.
Paquette, K. E. (2004). Irradiation of Prepackaged Food: Evolution of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Regulation of the Packaging Materials. Irradiation of Food and Packaging, 182–202. doi:10.1021/bk-2004-0875.ch012
Rochman, C. M., Browne, M. A., Halpern, B. S., Hentschel, B. T., Hoh, E., Karapanagioti, H. K., & Thompson, R. C. (2013). Classify plastic waste as hazardous. Nature, 494 (7436): 169-171.
Sanyang, Muhammed L., Salit M. Sapuan, Mohammad Jawaid, Mohamad R. Ishak, & Japar Sahari. 2015. Effect of Plasticizer Type and Concentration on Tensile, Thermal and Barrier Properties of Biodegradable Films Based on Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Starch. Polymers 7, no. 6: 1106-1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym7061106.
Sothornvit R. & Krochta J.M. 2005. Chapter 23- Plasticizers in edible films and coatings. Editor(s): Jung H. Han, In Food Science and Technology, Innovations in Food Packaging, Academic Press, 403-433, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012311632-1/50055-3.
Tarek Ahmed. 2019. Chapter 4 - Fundamentals of Rock Properties, Editor(s): Tarek Ahmed, Reservoir Engineering Handbook (Fifth Edition), Gulf Professional Publishing,167-281, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813649-2.00004-9.
Tokiwa, Y., Calabia, B., Ugwu, U., & Aiba, S. (2009). Biodegradability of Plastics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10: 3722–3742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10093722
Varee Tyagi & Bhaswati Bhattacharya. (2019). Role of plasticizers in bioplastics. MOJ Food Processing and Technology. 7(4): 128- 130.
Wang J., Shenhua S., Shang G., Ravi M., Renchen L., & Qing M. (2017). Mg-ion conducting gel polymerelectrolyte membranes containing biodegradable chitosan: Preparation, structural, electrical andelectrochemical properties. Polymer Testing 62 278–286.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.07.016.
Zygoura, P. D., Paleologos, E. K., & Kontominas, M. G. (2011). Effect of ionising radiation treatment on the specific migration characteristics of packaging–food simulant combinations: effect of type and dose of radiation. Food Additives and Contaminants, 28(5): 686-694.